Aviva Mongillo

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine True insulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: Description of target: Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides. In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways. May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38. In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses. Increases CD4+CD25- T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive Inhibition Immunoassay;Sensitivity: 3.125 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth and induces nerve cells differentiation (By similarity).By similarity ;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 5.8 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 2.8 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) is a prosurvival factor induced by cortical neurons that is necessary for survival of striatal neurons in the brain. It is a secreted protein with the molecular weight of 27.8kDa, consisting of 247 amino acids. It is known to promote neuronal survival and differentiation. BDNF shares substantial amino acid sequence identity with nerve growth factor(NGF). BDNF and neurotrophin-3(NT-3) are two recently cloned neurotrophic factors that are homologous to NGF. mRNA products of the BDNF and NT-3 genes are detected in the adult monkey primate brain, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system. BDNF and other neurotrophins are critically involved in long-term potentiation(LTP). BDNF-mediated LTP is induced postsynaptically. BDNF has trophic effects on serotonergic(5-HT) neurons in the central nervous system. BDNF has an essential maintenance function in the regulation of anxiety-related behavior and in food intake through central mediators in both the basal and fasted state. It plays a role in treating breathing disorders such as respiratory insufficiency after spinal injury. The mature form of BDNF is identical in all mammals examined, and the gene encoding monkey primate BDNF to chromosome 11, band p13.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <15pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Bone morphogenetic protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene.1,2,3 The protein encoded by this gene is member of the TGFbeta superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins are known for their ability to induce bone and cartilage development. BMP5 may play a role in certain cancers. Like other BMP's BMP5 is inhibited by chordin and noggin. It is expressed in the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head and may have a role in the development and normal function. It is also expressed in the lung and liver. BMP-5 is mapped on monkey primate chromosome 6.4 The standard used in this kit is recombinant BMP-5 with the monomer molecular mass of 18KDa.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2, BMP 2A) belongs to the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-beta) superfamily. It is thought to be involved in cartilage and bone formation during embryogenesis, but may have additional functions in morphogenesis as implied by its expression in various organs and embryonic tissues of mice.1 BMP-2 has been identified as a candidate mediator of retinoid activity. BMP-2 protein induces medulloblastoma cell apoptosis, whereas the BMP-2 antagonist noggin blocks both retinoid and BMP-2-induced apoptosis. BMP-2 also induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), which is necessary for BMP-2 and retinoid-induced apoptosis.2 Bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs) are known to promote osteogenesis, and clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the ability of certain BMPs to promote fracture-healing and spinal fusion.3 The standard product used in this kit is recombinant monkey primate BMP-2, constituting dimer by two chains of 114 amino acids with the molecular mass of 26KDa.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <2pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP4 gene which is located to 14q22-q23.1, The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. BMP4 is a polypeptide belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily of proteins. It, like other bone morphogenetic proteins, is involved in bone and cartilage development, specifically tooth and limb development and fracture repair. It has been shown to be involved in muscle development, bone mineralization, and uteric bud development. BMP4 has also been implicated in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in which it is underexpressed. In monkey primate embryonic development, BMP4 is a critical signaling molecule required for the early differentiation of the embryo and establishing of a dorsal-ventral axis. BMP4 is secreted from the dorsal portion of the notochord, and it acts in concert with sonic hedgehog(released from the ventral portion of the notochord) to establish a dorsal-ventral axis for the differentiation of later structures. BMP4 stimulates differentiation of overlying ectodermal tissue. Inhibition of the BMP4 signal(by chordin, noggin, or follistatin) causes the ectoderm to differentiate into the neural plate. The standard product used in this kit is recombinant BMP-4 with the molecular mass of 26KDa.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <4pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Heparin-binding growth factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. This protein functions as a modifier of endothelial cell migration and proliferation, as well as an angiogenic factor. It acts as a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro, thus is thought to be involved in organogenesis. The FGF1 gene was mapped to chromosome 5q31.3-q33.2 by in situ hybridization. ;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Insulin-like growth factor II is also known as somatomedin A. IGF-2 is a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors that is involved in development and growth. It is paternally expressed in the fetus and placenta. IGF-II is a mitogen for many cell types and an important modulator of muscle growth and differentiation. IGF-II gene is prevalently expressed during prenatal development and its gene activity is regulated by genomic imprinting, in that the allele inherited from the father is active and the allele inherited from the mother is inactive in most normal tissues. IGF-II appears to be induced by placental lactogen during prenatal development. It is a mediator of prolactin-induced alveologenesis; prolactin, IGF-2, and cyclin D1, all of which are overexpressed in breast cancers, are components of a developmental pathway in the mammary gland. The monkey primate IGF-II gene is located on chromosome 11. The standard product used in this kit is recombinant monkey primate IGF-2, consisting of 67 amino acids in mature form with the molecular mass of 7.5KDa. IGF-1 and IGF-2 share high homology.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <2pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Neurotrophin-3(NT-3) is a new member of the nerve growth factor gene family, which plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. NT-3 and its receptor, called neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3(Ntrk3; also called TrkC), are expressed early and throughout embryogenesis. NT-3 is one of five neurotrophin growth factors which shape the development of the nervous system by regulating neuronal survival and differentiation. NT-3 may be one of the central nervous system-derived factors that mediate neural crest(NC) cell proliferation in vivo. NT-3 has been mapped to monkey primate chromosome 12p and monkey primate chromosome 6.1;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <2pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha) is upregulated in some monkey primate cancers. It is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes, and induces epithelial development. It is closely related to EGF, and can also bind to the EGF receptor with similar effects. TGFalpha stimulates neural cell proliferation in the adult injured brain. Transforming growth factor alpha gene(TGFA) maps to monkey primate chromosome 2 close to the breakpoint of the t(2;8) variant translocation in Burkitt lymphoma. Synthetic TGF-alpha was as active as murine epidermal growth factor in binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor and in stimulation of anchorage-dependent and of anchorage-independent growth of normal indicator cells in culture. Synthetic TGF-alpha stimulated plasminogen activator production in A 431 and HeLa cells; the stimulation was similar to that induced by epidermal growth factor. Furthermore, synthetic monkey primate TGF-alpha showed similar immunoreactivity when compared with monkey primate TGF-alpha. Thus, the 50-amino acid TGF-alpha is likely to be the bioactive principle produced and secreted by tumor cell lines.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <1pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Cadherin-2(CDH2), also known as neural cadherin(NCAD), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH2 gene. It is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. This gene is mapped to 18q12.1. Cadherin-2 is expressed in the brain, skeletal and cardiac muscle. Cadherin-2 is commonly found in cancer cells and provides a mechanism for transendothelial migration. It is a calcium dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprising five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. The protein functions during gastrulation and is required for establishment of left-right asymmetry. At certain central nervous system synapses, presynaptic to postsynaptic adhesion is mediated at least in part by this gene product.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <20pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Keratinocyte growth factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor(FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This protein is a potent epithelial cell-specific growth factor, whose mitogenic activity is predominantly exhibited in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Studies of monkey primate and monkey primate homologs of this gene implicated roles in morphogenesis of epithelium, reepithelialization of wounds, hair development and early lung organogenesis.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <4pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Thrombomodulin(TM), CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation by converting thrombin to an anticoagulant enzyme from a procoagulant enzyme. Thrombomodulin is also expressed on monkey primate mesothelial cell, monocyte and a dendritic cell subset. In humans, thrombomodulin is encoded by the THBD gene. The protein has a molecular mass of 74kDa, and consists of a single chain with 5 distinct domains. Thrombomodulin functions as a cofactor in the thrombin-induced activation of protein C in the anticoagulant pathway by forming a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This raises the speed of protein C activation thousandfold. Thrombomodulin-bound thrombin has procoagulant effect at the same time by inhibiting fibrinolysis by cleaving thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor(TAFI,aka carboxypeptidase B2) into its active form. Thrombomodulin is a glycoprotein on the surface of endothelial cells that, in addition to binding thrombin, regulates C3b inactivation by factor I. Mutations in the thrombomodulin gene(THBD) have also been reported to be associated with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome(aHUS).;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Epiregulin (EPR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EREG gene. It is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. Epiregulin can function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors. The secondary structure at the C-terminus epiregulin is different from other epidermal growth factor family ligands because of the lack of hydrogen bonds. The structural difference at the C-terminus may provide an explanation for the reduced binding affinity of epiregulin to the ERBB receptors.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: Growth/differentiation factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF5 gene. GDF5 is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that is expressed in the developing central nervous system, and has a role in skeletal and joint development. It also increases the survival of neurones that respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine, and is a potential therapeutic molecule associated with Parkinson's disease.;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml

Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: Monkey;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 2 pg/mL