Elisa Aviva

Description: JBS True Blue

Description: 108321-12-6

Description: Description of target: In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. Most types of rewards increase the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory._x000D__x000D_Outside the central nervous system, dopamine functions primarily as a local chemical messenger. In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 4.1 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: Cysteine (abbreviated as Cys or C) is an alpha-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH. It is a semi-essential amino acid, which means that it can be biosynthesized in humans. Its codons are UGU and UGC. Cysteine was considered to be a hydrophilic amino acid based on the belief that the thiol group interacts well with water. However, the cysteine side chain participates in the hydrophobic bonding system of the micelle. The quantitative comparison of the values of the critical micelle concentrations leads to the conclusion that the CH2SH group of amino acid has the same effect on the micelle stability as a methylene group of the hydrocarbon tail. Therefore, there is justification for the recently voiced assumptions of the hydrophobic nature of the cysteine side chain in proteins. The thiol side chain often participates in enzymatic reactions, serving as a nucleophile. The thiol is susceptible to oxidization to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. When used as a food additive, it has the E-number E920. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.08 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Arginine (abbreviated as Arg or R) is an alpha-amino acid. It was first isolated in 1886. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. At the level of molecular genetics, in the structure of the messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA, CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG, are the triplets of nucleotide bases or codons that codify for arginine during protein synthesis. In mammals, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Preterm infants are unable to synthesize or create arginine internally, making the amino acid nutritionally essential for them.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.24umol/L

Description: Description of target: Recombinant Oxytocin is a synthetic cyclic peptide form of the naturally occurring posterior pituitary hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin binds to oxytocin receptors in the uterine myometrium, which triggers the G-protein coupled receptor signal transduction cascade that causes increased intracellular calcium concentrations. Increased calcium concentration levels activate myosin light chain kinase which, in turn, induces the formation of the contractile protein actomyosin. This stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions. This agent also stimulates smooth muscles in the mammary glands, thereby causing lactation.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 9.4 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: L-Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles.;Species reactivity: Pan-Species;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition Immunoassay;Sensitivity: 3.53 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the cell membrane. It is involved in the activation of protein kinases and regulates the effects of adrenaline and glucagon. cAMP also binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1. cAMP is synthesised from ATP by adenylyl cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane. Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylyl cyclase stimulatory G (Gs)-protein-coupled receptors and inhibited by agonists of adenylyl cyclase inhibitory G (Gi)-protein-coupled receptors. Liver adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylyl cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline. cAMP decomposition into AMP is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphodiesterase.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.096nmol/L

Description: Description of target: Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4), a form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination and covalent bonding of the phenyl portions of tyrosine residues found in an initial peptide, thyroglobulin, which is secreted into thyroid granules. These iodinated diphenyl compounds are cleaved from their peptide backbone upon being stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.0975 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Estradiol (E2 or 17β-estradiol, also oestradiol) is a sex hormone. Estradiol is abbreviated E2 as it has 2 hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. Estrone has 1 (E1) and estriol has 3 (E3). Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect. The serum levels of estradiol in males (14 - 55 pg/mL) are roughly comparable to those of postmenopausal women (< 35 pg/mL). Estradiol in vivo is interconvertible with estrone; estradiol to estrone conversion being favored. Estradiol has not only a critical impact on reproductive and sexual functioning, but also affects other organs, including the bones.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: < 3.12 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system (CNS) of animals including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness. Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the enterochromaffin cells in the gut, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic neurons of the CNS where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. Modulation of serotonin at synapses is thought to be a major action of several classes of pharmacological antidepressants.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.35 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Endotoxins are a component of the cell wall of certain bacteria. Bacteria which contain endotoxin are known as gram negative bacteria. The endotoxins are released from the bacteria as they are destroyed and elicit a strong response from the immune system by activating various components of the immune system and inducing cytokine release.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.005 EU/mL

Description: Description of target: Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of sleep, mood, and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 10 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response. As part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 3.4 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Glutamine (abbreviated as Gln or Q) is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. It is not recognized as an essential amino acid but may become conditionally essential in certain situations, including intensive athletic training or certain gastrointestinal disorders. Its side-chain is an amide formed by replacing the side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group making it the amide of glutamic acid. Its codons are CAA and CAG. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid, with a concentration of about 500-900 μmol/L. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.098 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Biopterin is a coenzyme that is produced within the body. It is an oxidized degradation product of tetrahydrobiopterin. Defects in biopterin synthesis or regeneration can cause a form of hyperphenylalaninemia (a disease with symptoms similar to PKU). Biopterin is synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. Biopterin deficiency has been associated with a variety of disorders, including dystonia and rabies. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 1.23nmol/L

Description: Description of target: Cortisone (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone) is a steroid hormone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. In chemical structure, it is a corticosteroid closely related to corticosterone. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered intravenously, orally, intraarticularly, or transcutaneously. Cortisone suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury. Risks exist, in particular in the long-term use of cortisone. ;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.24 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Lumisterol is a steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.;Species reactivity: Pan-Species;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition Immunoassay;Sensitivity: 2.19 ng/mL

Description: Description of target: Gentamicin is a complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.;Species reactivity: General;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition ELISA;Sensitivity: _x000D__x000D__x000D__x000D_

Component	Amount
Tissue	6 ppb
Liver	10 ppb
Milk	15 ppb
Serum	6 ppb